Improvement in turbine water-wheels



clamented Jan.11, 1876.

Si, T

ATTRHEYS l fstrnction ot' the wheel.

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JOHN B. MGCORMIK, 0F ARMAGH, AND J'AilllES L. BRVN, OF

niftooiivrntn,

PENNSYLVAIJ Y l Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. Fil2,tl4i0, dated Jennery LL, l''d; atppliention filed November 2?, 1875.

To cit whom t may concern Be it hnown that we, donn B. hioonntcur,

of Brookville, in the county of Jeit'erson and Stnte nt' Penns vlvnniit lin-ve invented n new end Improved Turbine Water-Wheel; and we do hereby dechire that the following is e. full,

cleer, l(and exact description ot' the seine, ret'- crence being had to the accompanying drewing forming; n part ot' this speciiicetiou, in Which--` Figure 1 is e vertical section; Fig. 2, n detail of the devices for adjusting" the goto; Fig'. 3, a. plan 1view ot' the bese; Fig. fi', n die.- 4glenn illustrating the principle et the con rllhis invention relates to certain improve-y ments in that class ot' turbine water-wheels which receive their Water from a. vertical flume through interni chutes, anddischnrge. 'the seme centrally through the bottom of the wheel.

The invention consists in the peculiar construction of thewheel and its'coopernting parte, as hereinzntter more fully described.

In the drowing, A represente the wheel; B, the bese; G, the chutes; D,"the gate or cntoft; and E, the upper frame or casing. l' The construction and principle governing the inclination of the wheei itself' will first be de scribed. -F represents the top of' the wheel of smell diameter, Aend G the lower portion, of large diameter. H nre the buckets, en-ch ot' which is seperate from the rest and fastened below to nrini by means of screws, and pro` vided with t tenen, t', nt the top, which passes into the toppiette F, and is secured by o holt, The seid buckets are set with the outer edges et nn tingle of seventyone degrees, and :tre iittcd to the underneath side ot' plete F, which is provided with n double curve, ns shown et t, the upper part ot' which censos the wnter to litt the wheel and rotate it partly in siispension, nud the lower part of which is deA goed to give grenier clearance-room. These oi pei-nie `with thel goto or cutoff, ns .hereinl'tcn unobstructed.

ets nre provided with wings at, which co explained. Seid buckets nre so curved upon their inner snriiufen ne to conse thoni to receive the full impact et' the wnter und yet nl low it n perfect cien-rence or discharge inwardly, downwnrdly, ond beneath the bottom of the wheel outwardly, the bottom port ol' the buckets nt b being hollowed or bellied so that a. port 0i' the witter is dischnrged outwardly bene-nth the wheel, the object being to provide ns much extra clemence-room.tor the water es is ordinnrily raken up by the central hub or Shaft, whereby the dischnrge is the sonic as though the whole center ofthe Awheel were The principle ot' the inclinetion ot' the Wheel is Adependent upon the dit'- ferent spouting velocities ot' water from col ninos ot'dilerent heights. Now, the spouting velocity of weteret its surfnce is zero, and the spouting ot wzl-ter nt one foot from its surf-nce is eight feet and n. fraction per second, which velocity increases Ieccording to the squares of the'heaid. Thus, it' et one foot ot heed the velocity is eight feet, then et Your feet ot bend it would be donbhgnt n ine feet it would he treble, dsc. Referring to the diagram, the horizontal lilies nre lines upon which the velocities of the different bends ot witter are measured. i The curved -line c represents the different velocities, end the figures the di'er ent bends. Now, in order to ascertain the proper inclination ofthe Wheel to produce the best result, the following illustrntion is given We will suppose the wheel whose inclinotion is to be deterinined in one foot in height. lf, now, the heed ot' water is eight feet, nnd its spouting velocity nt the bottoni is sixteen feet in al second ol" time, the spouting velocity et the top ,of the wheel will be only fourteen feet in n seo/ond of' time, or that ot' seven i'cet ot' heed. Snpposing the wheel to turir once in e second ot' time, its upper circumference will be fourteen ond its lower circumference will be sixteen feet, which will ineke its upper dinlneter t'our feeteight inches and its lower dinineter live feet four inches. Itupper radius will then be two i'eet four inches, and its lower radius two feet eightinches, which gives en 'innlinftlli-on to the. side ot' the Wheel of about e ,medico seventyone degrees. rDhis inclina-tion from j the perpendiculnr is slightly grcate'and the angle formed with the base correspondingly less ns the head ot' witter decreases', and as the head increases the angle increases and becomes more nenrlya right angle. The variation, with practicalworking hea-ds ot' water, `will not, however, exceed twenty-tive degrees. The object ot' thus regulating` the inclination ot' the wheel according to certain mathematical formulas is to compensate for the diiferent pressure and spouting-velocity at the top and As the velocity ot water is less at the top otf the Wheel than at the bottoni, it is obvious that it the top and bottoni were ot' equal diameter, the wheel being impelled by the vvelocity nt the bottom,would have n tendency to travel faster than the water at the top, which is obviated by constructing the radius ot' leverage ot' the top and bottom ot' the wheel in proportion to the different velocities nt. those points, thereby making the niore'slowly moving water opcrnte upon the bottoni of the wheel.

incre-slowly moving' pin-t ot' the wheel.

The object is also to secure the best effects of the head ot' water by making the sides of the wheel' exactly nt right angles, or as netti-ly so es' practical to thcdischargc ot' the water,

so ns to receive thc fullest impact therefrom.

Vv'e will now proceed to describe the other ihutures ot'construction, which torni n part ot' our invention. The basc-piece-B is constructed with a flange, c, bridge-tree, (Hand rimv c, all in one piece, with a central hole in the bridge- TheA object of this construction is 'to simplify the arrangement ot' the wheel in the bottoni ot' the tlunic.- A hole is cnt in the bottoni ot' the thune, in which the Iiin cis placed, while the lnnge c extends over the edge', and supports the base and also the hollow end ot thc wheel-y shn-i't l upon the step in such a ninnn'er that the wheel 'may be .readily hoisted out and n new step substituted when desired. C are the chutes, which direct the water upon the wheel. v Said chutes are connected above and below to i. o. The combination 'of the base B, chutes rims, which t'orin together a separate pnt-t of thc wheel, which is supported upon the buse B by means of set-screws g. The bottom part ot' these chutes co-opern-te with the wheel nud the bese to torni a practically water-tightjoint around the wheel to prevent the escape ot wa' l ter at the periphery, and ns the step wears charge a part ofthe water outwardly beneath away the screws nre loosened und the parts C are a set ot' inside or hanging guides attached to the upper casing it, and projecting down 'into the annular spncc between the top of the tapering wheel and the chutes C. The object ot' 'these guides C is to carry thewater close up to the wheel nud prevent it from washing,r around the said tree t'or the detachable wooden step j'.

adjusted to said wenr.

annular space, 'which would be wit-hout e'ect upon the wheel. Between the guides C and the outside casing E is a cylindrical gate, D, which passes down between the said guides and chutes, and cuts oft the Watcrfrom the wheel. Said gate is operated by rack-bars h, pinions Ii, geared together by a shaft, and a worm, j, provided with a hand-wheel, the said the worm, the rack-barzbeing guided in the rear by a friction-roller, k, and the whole device contained in housings vl l. The gate is made to ris'einstead ot' to lower, so'as to let the -water upon the lower and larger part of the Wheel when a small quantity of water A,is to Ue used, whereby a greater leverage is secured and a greater velocity, in consequence of the deeper head. The wings c attached to' the Wheel when rthe-gate lis partially open. Thus, when thcgate is raised one-fourth of the distance, the tirstsct of wings compel the wnter to strike full against the buckets and prevent it from burstingfup upon a portionot thc wheel where thcleverage is less, and when the gute is raised half-way the seconderies operate in the saine wn-y, and so on.

Having thus described our invention, what we clnim as new is 1. The combination, witlrgate D, of the buckets, having wings a., as end for the pur; pose described.

2. The combination of 'the chutes lC, gate D, and the guides C', substantially as and for the purpose described. y

3. The combination, with the wheel At, ot' the hase B, the chutes C, guides C', the gate l), nud the casing E, substantially as described. l

4. The combination, withthe rim G and top plate F. of the detachable buckets H, having; tenons s, and fastened by v.bolts or screws, substantially as described.

C, and adjusting-screws g, and for the purpose set forth.

6. rEhe top'platc or hub F, having an extra clearance-curve at t, as and for the purpose described;

7. The buckets H, bellied at I) so as to dis- `the wheel, substantially as and for the purpose described.

JOHN BjMaoonMoK JAMES L. BR()WN.`

Witnesses:

UHAs. A. PETTIT, SoLoN C. KnMoN.

pinion having one-half its periphery wrought into cogs and the othcrjhalt' into notches forA "the buckets of the wheeled-operate with the gate to control the' impactof the water against 

